phonological metathesis in persian: synchronic, diachronic, and the optimality theory

a synchronic and diachronic approach to the change route of address terms in the two recent centuries of persian language

terms of address as an important linguistics items provide valuable information about the interlocutors, their relationship and their circumstances. this study was done to investigate the change route of persian address terms in the two recent centuries including three historical periods of qajar, pahlavi and after the islamic revolution. data were extracted from a corpus consisting 24 novels w...

Money Pumps, Diachronic and Synchronic

Diachronic evidence for the synchronic grammar: The case of long-distance liquid metathesis

Recurrent sound patterns in the synchronic phonological typology often find analogs in diachronic development, and thus any account of this typology must include a set of explanatory principles to account for their existence over others in both domains. While most accounts acknowledge the importance of substantive phonetic factors such as articulatory ease and perceptual robustness, there is di...

Physical Emergence, Diachronic And Synchronic

This paper explicates two notions of emergence which are based on two ways of distinguishing levels of properties for dynamical systems. Once the levels are defined, the strategies of characterizing the relation of higher level to lower level properties as diachronic and synchronic emergence are the same. In each case, the higher level properties are said to be emergent if they are ‘novel’ or ‘...

Optimality Theory and phonological acquisition

The past ten years have shown an ever-increasing revival of interest in phonological acquisition. The introduction of Optimality Theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky 1993) has played a major role in this revival. Both “markedness” and “constraints on outputs” have often figured in accounts of phonological development, and these concepts are central in OT. The most fundamental change is probably that ...

Optimality theory in phonological acquisition.

This tutorial presents an introduction to the contemporary linguistic framework known as optimality theory (OT). The basic assumptions of this constraint-based theory as a general model of grammar are first outlined, with formal notation being defined and illustrated. Concepts unique to the theory, including "emergence of the unmarked," are also described. OT is then examined more specifically ...